Engineering Proceedings

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Utilizing Corn Cob Ash and Bauxite as One-Part Geopolymer: A Sustainable Approach for Construction Materials

by

Raheel Arif

,

Ammar Iqtidar

and

Safeer Ullah Khattak

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044018 - 29 Aug 2023

Abstract

This research focused on creating sustainable geopolymer mortar using waste materials such as corn cob ash (CCA) and bauxite. The CCA was obtained by burning corn cobs in an open environment and then further treated at 600 °C to remove carbon impurities. The [...] Read more.

This research focused on creating sustainable geopolymer mortar using waste materials such as corn cob ash (CCA) and bauxite. The CCA was obtained by burning corn cobs in an open environment and then further treated at 600 °C to remove carbon impurities. The resulting ash was ground to improve reactivity and used as a binder. Sodium silicate was used as an activator for geopolymerization. The geopolymer was prepared by combining the binder with fine aggregate, ground bauxite, and CCA in different proportions. The curing process involved heating the samples at 70 °C for 24 h followed by ambient temperature curing. Compression testing was conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days to assess the strength and durability of the geopolymer mortar. Testing was performed according to ASTM standards. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of Longitudinal Irregularity in Airport Pavements and Unpaved Runway

by

Livia Merighi

,

Claudia Pereira

and

Jose Schiavon

Eng. Proc. 2023, 36(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023036064 - 28 Aug 2023

Abstract

This paper presents a study about the effect of unevenness on conventional airport pavements and unpaved runways. During landing and take-off operations, aircraft tires are at high levels of tension and possible surface roughness can contribute to aircraft damage, landing gear fatigue, as [...] Read more.

This paper presents a study about the effect of unevenness on conventional airport pavements and unpaved runways. During landing and take-off operations, aircraft tires are at high levels of tension and possible surface roughness can contribute to aircraft damage, landing gear fatigue, as well as the loss of aircraft directional stability, thus increasing the chances of accidents or incidents. The National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC), responsible for regulating and supervising civil aviation activities in Brazil, regulates the need to evaluate longitudinal irregularity through the International Roughness Index (IRI) parameter on paved runways. In addition to the IRI, the Boeing Bump Index (BBI) and Runway Roughness Index (RRI) are indices also recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Moreover, this study understands the concept of unpaved runways and how these indexes can be evaluated on unpaved runways, however, with minimum requirements. Therefore, the present study addresses these bearing quality indices whose purpose is to guarantee the safety of operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Constructed Infrastructure Facilities (MAIREINFRA2))

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Composite Fibers in Concrete: Properties, Challenges, and Future Directions

by

Samiullah Khan

,

Safeer Khattak

and

Hamza Khan

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044017 - 28 Aug 2023

Abstract

Composite fibers are an essential component of modern concrete structures, providing enhanced mechanical properties and durability. There are different types of fibers commonly used in concrete such as steel, glass, carbon, polypropylene fibers, etc. Composite fibers include a combination of two or more [...] Read more.

Composite fibers are an essential component of modern concrete structures, providing enhanced mechanical properties and durability. There are different types of fibers commonly used in concrete such as steel, glass, carbon, polypropylene fibers, etc. Composite fibers include a combination of two or more of these fibers. Composite fibers are discussed in detail, along with their properties and benefits. This paper also highlights the effects of composite fibers on the various properties of concrete, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, toughness, and durability. Furthermore, this paper discusses some of the challenges and limitations associated with the use of composite fibers in concrete, including issues related to fiber dispersion, fiber–matrix interactions, and cost-effectiveness. Finally, this paper concludes with a discussion of the future directions of research on composite fibers in concrete, focusing on potential advancements in fiber technology, improved manufacturing techniques, and the development of new fiber–matrix systems. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in composite fibers in concrete and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Behavior of Retrofitted GPC Columns under Eccentric Loading

by

Shahzaib Farooq

,

Faheem Butt

and

Rana Muhammad Waqas

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044016 - 28 Aug 2023

Abstract

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has been the subject of ongoing research as a suitable substitute for conventional concrete production because of its benefits for the environment. However, there is little research regarding retrofitting the structural part if a GPC member fails. The current study [...] Read more.

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has been the subject of ongoing research as a suitable substitute for conventional concrete production because of its benefits for the environment. However, there is little research regarding retrofitting the structural part if a GPC member fails. The current study thus concentrates on the damaged GPC structural members/columns. For this purpose, twelve columns which include four CC columns, four GPC Columns, and four FRGPC columns, were retrofitted with CFRP sheets and tested in the electrohydraulic testing apparatus (5000 kN). The results showed significant improvement in the ultimate load value of all 12 columns. Axial strain in all 12 columns also increased significantly. The ductility index of the columns was also calculated using axial strain values. The axial load–displacement behavior, ductility, and loading capacity of the evaluated columns are all significantly improved by the addition of steel fibers. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Framework for Energy Performance Measurement of Residential Buildings Considering Occupants’ Energy Use Behavior

by

Nida Azhar

,

Farrukh Arif

and

Abdul Basit Khan

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044015 - 28 Aug 2023

Abstract

Buildings’ contribution to global final energy use is about 30%, which makes them a primary focus for implementing energy-efficient measures. Building energy efficiency is an important consideration for residential buildings due to the significant environmental impact of energy consumption and the rising cost [...] Read more.

Buildings’ contribution to global final energy use is about 30%, which makes them a primary focus for implementing energy-efficient measures. Building energy efficiency is an important consideration for residential buildings due to the significant environmental impact of energy consumption and the rising cost of energy. Estimating and optimizing a building’s energy performance is an efficient method to reduce its environmental impact and cost. There exists a lack of accuracy in estimating the energy performance of a building due to approximations in the monitored data as well as a lack of consideration for occupants’ energy use behavior. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive framework that assists in accurately estimating building energy performance considering occupants’ energy use behavior. The framework proposed a scheme to collect occupant behavior data, such as occupancy patterns, appliance usage, and lighting conditions, through a living-lab setup and developing an occupants’ behavior model that was utilized for more accurate building energy modeling and performance analysis. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Soil Improvement Using Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

by

Tariq Saeed

and

Muhammad Usman Arshid

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044014 - 28 Aug 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the use of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle strips for soil stabilization in the Potohar region. Uncontrolled filling during housing societies development has led to settlement issues and structural cracking. By incorporating PET bottle strips in varying compositions, the engineering [...] Read more.

This study investigates the use of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle strips for soil stabilization in the Potohar region. Uncontrolled filling during housing societies development has led to settlement issues and structural cracking. By incorporating PET bottle strips in varying compositions, the engineering properties of the soil were improved, including increased maximum dry density, bearing capacity, and unconfined compression strength. This research paper offers an innovative technique to mitigate settlement problems and presents an eco-friendly waste management solution for sustainable development. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Efficiency and Sustainability: Enhancing Mortar Mixtures with Wastepaper Sludge Ash

by

Asad Shafique

,

Ahsin Ihsan

and

Muhammad Faisal Javed

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044013 - 25 Aug 2023

Abstract

The study aims to increase the efficiency of mortar mixes and improve their necessary qualities such as strength, density, and durability by using wastepaper as a cement substitute in the form of wastepaper sludge ash (WPSA). Mortars with 20, 25, and 30% cement [...] Read more.

The study aims to increase the efficiency of mortar mixes and improve their necessary qualities such as strength, density, and durability by using wastepaper as a cement substitute in the form of wastepaper sludge ash (WPSA). Mortars with 20, 25, and 30% cement replacement were tested. Due to less use of cement and greater usage of WPSA, CO₂ and SO₂ emissions can be reduced. The chemical properties of WPSA were compared to those of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Testing showed that WPSA had similar cementitious properties. Results demonstrate the potential applications of this mortar in a variety of settings where increased toughness and equivalent characteristics are needed while still preserving the environment. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Behavior of Pre-Treated Crumb Rubber and Polypropylene-Fiber-Incorporated Mortar Subjected to Elevated Temperatures

by

Manail Shafqat

,

Muhammad Basit Khan

and

Hamad Hassan Awan

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044012 - 25 Aug 2023

Abstract

Rubber is a waste product produced by the industrial sector in large quantities. Due to its non-degradable nature, it has been a serious threat to the environment. Thus, it is recommended to develop concrete or mortar containing rubber, so that it can save [...] Read more.

Rubber is a waste product produced by the industrial sector in large quantities. Due to its non-degradable nature, it has been a serious threat to the environment. Thus, it is recommended to develop concrete or mortar containing rubber, so that it can save our environment, and it is economical too. Crumb rubber, when incorporated in mortar, reduces its strength, so it can be used along with some fibers to enhance its strength. This study examined the effect of elevated temperatures, i.e., 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 °C, on mortar samples containing 5% crumb rubber replacement of fine aggregate by volume, and with the incorporation of 1% PPF. The findings indicated a rise in compressive strength up to 300 °C, followed by a subsequent decline. It was also observed that the weight loss of the samples increased with an increase in temperature. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Important Sustainability Determinants Meeting Sustainability Goals of California Infrastructure Construction Projects

by

Joseph J. Kim

and

Patricia McCarthy

Eng. Proc. 2023, 36(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023036063 - 24 Aug 2023

Abstract

The United States has developed and is developing multiple rating systems for infrastructure and transportation projects. Although these systems share some commonalities in terms of methods and criteria, decision makers need to deal with which one best fits their project's evaluation and meet [...] Read more.

The United States has developed and is developing multiple rating systems for infrastructure and transportation projects. Although these systems share some commonalities in terms of methods and criteria, decision makers need to deal with which one best fits their project's evaluation and meet their organization goals because the systems are different from one another in certain ways. This paper aims to examine the importance of sustainability determinants and how they affect the success of meeting sustainability goals of infrastructure construction projects. This paper, therefore, presents the statistical results on five major sustainability determinants such as site, water/wastewater, energy, materials/resources, and environmental determinants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Constructed Infrastructure Facilities (MAIREINFRA2))

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimal Design of a Reliability Experiment Based on the Wiener Degradation Model under Limitations of the Degradation Index

by

Evgeniya Osintseva

and

Ekaterina Chimitova

Eng. Proc. 2023, 33(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023033064 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

There are many degradation models that are used in reliability analyses. The Wiener degradation model is the most popular across different applications. In this paper, we propose an approach for searching for an optimal design on the basis of the Wiener degradation model. [...] Read more.

There are many degradation models that are used in reliability analyses. The Wiener degradation model is the most popular across different applications. In this paper, we propose an approach for searching for an optimal design on the basis of the Wiener degradation model. The distinguishing feature of the approach is that the condition that the degradation index cannot exceed a critical level has been taken into account. The elements of the conditional Fisher information matrix have been obtained. This enables us to calculate the optimal stress levels by maximizing the functional of the conditional Fisher information matrix. Moreover, a degradation analysis of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 15th International Conference “Intelligent Systems” (INTELS’22))

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Validation of Chlorine Decay Equation for Water Quality Analysis in Distribution Networks

by

Rehan Jamil

,

Hamidi Abdul Aziz

and

Mohamad Fared Murshed

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044011 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

This article discusses the extent of the spread of contamination in water distribution networks which may enter through a pipe leak, and the decay rate of chlorine for a specified design duration. A comprehensive water quality analysis is performed using EPANet 2.2 for [...] Read more.

This article discusses the extent of the spread of contamination in water distribution networks which may enter through a pipe leak, and the decay rate of chlorine for a specified design duration. A comprehensive water quality analysis is performed using EPANet 2.2 for the spread of contamination and chlorine decay. The results show that a contaminant entering at the highest point of the network would pollute the whole network whereas the effect of such a contaminant would be limited if it enters at the lowest location. Also, the initial chlorine concentration is found to be more for such critical nodes which are higher in elevation, although the decay rate remains the same. The research proves to be beneficial for the management of water distribution through pipe networks against contaminants for maintaining public health. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of Seismic Response of 3D Building Frame with and without Base Isolation Using Finite Element Analysis

by

Fahad Ali

,

Hammad Azam

and

Muhammad Habib

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044010 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

An earthquake is a force which is unpredictable and can cause serious damage to a structure and its structural components. For improved safety, the seismic design of the building should be adequate, and measures should be taken for vibration control. In order to [...] Read more.

An earthquake is a force which is unpredictable and can cause serious damage to a structure and its structural components. For improved safety, the seismic design of the building should be adequate, and measures should be taken for vibration control. In order to mitigate effects, base-isolation techniques must be provided to counter seismic loads; this is a seismic isolation technique which prevents the transfer of energy from the base of the structure to the upper stories. In the research, two similar 3D frame models were modelled with and without base isolators and analyzed following the provisions and codes. The real ground motion data of the earthquake was selected, then matched to a design spectrum to obtain the matched time history. The story response plots obtained after the time history analysis indicate that base isolation is a reliable and effective technology to improve the seismic performance of the building, particularly with inadequate seismic design. Full article

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Open AccessEditorial

Preface of the 5th Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering

by

Majid Ali

,

Muhammad Ashraf Javid

,

Shaheed Ullah

and

Iqbal Ahmad

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044009 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

The Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering (CSCE), 2023, was organized by the Department of Civil Engineering of the Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, Pakistan [...] Full article

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Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by

Majid Ali

,

Muhammad Ashraf Javid

,

Shaheed Ullah

and

Iqbal Ahmad

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044008 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

In submitting the proceedings of the 5th Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering (CSCE) to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by [...] Read more.

In submitting the proceedings of the 5th Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering (CSCE) to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Improvement of Early-Age Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar by Adding Biochar of the Santa Maria Feverfew Plant

by

Ahmed Kamal Subhani

,

Mohib Nisar

and

Anwar Khitab

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044007 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

This study focused on the application of nano-/micro-sized fibers obtained from pyrolysis of Santa Maria feverfew (biochar) in cement mortars. The biochar was added in amounts of 0, 0.05 and 0.1 percent by mass of cement. The mechanical characteristics were determined after 3 [...] Read more.

This study focused on the application of nano-/micro-sized fibers obtained from pyrolysis of Santa Maria feverfew (biochar) in cement mortars. The biochar was added in amounts of 0, 0.05 and 0.1 percent by mass of cement. The mechanical characteristics were determined after 3 and 7 days and matched with those of the control samples. The compressive strength remained unchanged with the biochar addition, whereas the flexural strength increased. Biochar is a carbon-rich material, and its use in building materials leads to carbon sequestration, which is in accordance with the sustainable development goals of the UNO. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Seismic Response Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building with and without Base Isolators under High Magnitude Earthquake

by

Maliha Mehar Qambrani

,

Fizza Mirza

and

Muhammad Habib

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044006 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

Earthquakes can induce structural failure, the vertical collapse of a structure, or can result in the breaking and falling of non-structural components of the structure. Most of the region of Pakistan has a high risk of seismic activity and the country lacks seismic-resistant [...] Read more.

Earthquakes can induce structural failure, the vertical collapse of a structure, or can result in the breaking and falling of non-structural components of the structure. Most of the region of Pakistan has a high risk of seismic activity and the country lacks seismic-resistant structures. The effectiveness of the base isolation technique has been studied by many researchers, but significant research has not been conducted particularly for high earthquake-prone regions of Balochistan. This study includes the comparative seismic response analysis of the two multi-storey reinforced concrete 3D frames, with and without base isolation under the effect of seismic loads. This study indicates the effectiveness of base isolators in reducing the seismic response of buildings in the earthquake-prone regions of Balochistan. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Linear and Non-Linear Regression Analysis on the Prediction of Compressive Strength of Sodium Hydroxide Pre-Treated Crumb Rubber Concrete

by

Hamza Aamir

,

Kinza Aamir

and

Muhammad Faisal Javed

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044005 - 23 Aug 2023

Abstract

This research focuses on dataset development using NaOH treatment period (NaTP), NaOH concentration (NaCon), coarse aggregates (gravel), fine aggregates (sand), water, water–cement ratio (w/c), crumb rubber percentage (CR%), and equations to predict the CS of concrete. The criteria for the model accuracy included [...] Read more.

This research focuses on dataset development using NaOH treatment period (NaTP), NaOH concentration (NaCon), coarse aggregates (gravel), fine aggregates (sand), water, water–cement ratio (w/c), crumb rubber percentage (CR%), and equations to predict the CS of concrete. The criteria for the model accuracy included the coefficient of regression (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square deviation (RMSE). In this study, Multiple Non-Linear Regression (MNLR) performed better compared to Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The MNLR values obtained for R², MAE, and RMSE were 0.88, 4.64, and 6.15; and the MLR values were 0.82, 5.86, and 7.43 for R², MAE, and RMSE, respectively. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

On the Stability of Collinear Libration Points in the Three-Body Problem with Two Radiating Masses

by

Abdilda Tureshbaev

,

Ulbossyn Omarova

and

Ramatilla Myrzayev

Eng. Proc. 2023, 33(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023033065 - 22 Aug 2023

Abstract

The stability of cloud accumulations of gas and dust particles in the field of binary star systems is studied. As a dynamic model, we consider a restricted three-body problem in which both main bodies are radiating. We study the stability of collinear libration [...] Read more.

The stability of cloud accumulations of gas and dust particles in the field of binary star systems is studied. As a dynamic model, we consider a restricted three-body problem in which both main bodies are radiating. We study the stability of collinear libration points (CLL) in a nonlinear formulation. The problem of CLP stability is considered in three-dimensional parametric space. It is shown that at the resonance of the fourth order in the plane problem, the points under study are stable in the sense of Lyapunov. In this case, the invariant normal form and Markeev’s theorem are used. The stability of the CLP in the spatial problem is considered. The Birkhoff normal form is used and the Arnold–Moser theorem is used. Results are obtained on stability for most initial conditions (in the Lebesgue measure) and formal stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 15th International Conference “Intelligent Systems” (INTELS’22))

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Bio-Char of Santa Maria Feverfew Plant on Physical Properties of Fresh Mortar

by

Waleed Nasir Khan

,

Syed Ghayyoor Hussain Kazmi

and

Anwar Khitab

Eng. Proc. 2023, 44(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023044004 - 22 Aug 2023

Abstract

The present study concerns the application of nano-/micro-sized fibers (bio-char of Santa Maria feverfew) in cementitious mortars. The bio-char was added @ 0, 0.05 and 0.1% by mass of cement. The addition of bio-char did not affect the setting and consistency of the [...] Read more.

The present study concerns the application of nano-/micro-sized fibers (bio-char of Santa Maria feverfew) in cementitious mortars. The bio-char was added @ 0, 0.05 and 0.1% by mass of cement. The addition of bio-char did not affect the setting and consistency of the mortars. The fresh density was reduced by 11%, while the followability decreased by 50%. It is concluded that the bio-char results in a light-weight cementitious material, without affecting the setting time or consistency. Bio-char produces carbon-rich materials, the use of which as building materials adds to carbon sequestration in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals of the UNO. Full article

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Journal Description

Engineering Proceedings

Vol. 42

CITIIC 2022

Vol. 41

EEPES'23

Vol. 40

IC4AFSC 2023

Vol. 39

ITISE 2023

Vol. 38

IEEE ICEIB 2023

Vol. 37

ECP 2023

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