Journal Description
Journal of Respiration
Journal of Respiration
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of respiratory science in humans published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 30.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 4.3 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
Latest Articles
Mapping the Global Adoption of Mandatory Vaccination against COVID-19: A Scoping Review
J. Respir. 2023, 3(3), 153-163; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3030015 - 18 Aug 2023
Abstract
►
Show Figures
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused sicknesses ranging from mild to deadly, which disrupted lives and healthcare systems across the globe. Despite the availability of vaccines that are effective in significantly reducing the risks of death and severe disease, misperceptions of COVID-19 vaccine safety,
[...] Read more.
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused sicknesses ranging from mild to deadly, which disrupted lives and healthcare systems across the globe. Despite the availability of vaccines that are effective in significantly reducing the risks of death and severe disease, misperceptions of COVID-19 vaccine safety, efficacy, risks, and mistrust in institutions responsible for vaccination campaigns have been reported as factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, leading to an unsatisfactory vaccination rate, which resulted in some countries implementing mandatory COVID-19 vaccination to increase vaccine uptake. This scoping review aimed at mapping global countries that have adopted mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and the reaction of citizens. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was used. Google Scholar was used to identify papers published in English from December 2019 to February 2022, irrespective of their methodology. A total of 140 studies were identified. After screening for duplication, access, and relevance, 24 were eligible for review. Approximately eleven countries implemented mandatory vaccination, mostly among healthcare workers. Citizens’ reactions towards the policy varied, with some in support of the policy but with a preference for the healthcare workers, and some in support but with the condition that it will only apply to travel, schools, and shopping areas, while others rejected the policy. Studies that may be relevant but were excluded due to eligibility criteria may be a limiting factor to this study. Several ethical considerations should be explicitly addressed when evaluating whether mandatory COVID-19 vaccination is an ethically justifiable policy option as recommended by the WHO policy brief.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Assessment of Students’ Knowledge Regarding PTB and Its Causes at Rural Institution of Higher Learning in South Africa
J. Respir. 2023, 3(3), 141-152; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3030014 - 20 Jul 2023
Abstract
Background: TB is a significant public health problem around the world, with South Africa being one of the 30 high-burden TB countries, accounting for 87 percent of all estimated incident TB cases. In South Africa, which accounts for 3% of all instances worldwide,
[...] Read more.
Background: TB is a significant public health problem around the world, with South Africa being one of the 30 high-burden TB countries, accounting for 87 percent of all estimated incident TB cases. In South Africa, which accounts for 3% of all instances worldwide, research on students’ experiences and understanding of underlying factors is lacking. These future leaders are still in a key time of physical and psychological development. This study aimed to test students’ understanding of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its causes at a rural institution of higher learning. Methodology: Quantitative method was used using a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in the 2020 Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. In the poll, 199 students living in overcrowded campus housing were interviewed. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data at the Thohoyandou campus. Data were analysed using version 26.0 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), with a Spearman’s rank-order correlation run. Results: The findings of this study revealed that 25.6 percent of male students and 74.4 percent of female students, respectively, understood PTB, while students at the selected tertiary institution have insufficient awareness of the causes of PTB. The association between education and TB knowledge among the respondents was determined using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. There was a statistically significant positive association between education and TB knowledge (Spearman’s rho = 0.669, p = 0.035). Conclusions: The study found that students at a higher education institution lacked sufficient general Knowledge regarding PTB. PTB control measures should be adopted to implement better the NSP, NDP, Global STOP TB strategy and the SDGs.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Adherence to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
J. Respir. 2023, 3(3), 130-140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3030013 - 18 Jul 2023
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) allows for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an intervention strategy that improves functional capacity, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life. However, adherence to such programs might be improved. This study aimed to describe
[...] Read more.
Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) allows for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an intervention strategy that improves functional capacity, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life. However, adherence to such programs might be improved. This study aimed to describe the differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with COPD adherent and non-adherent to pulmonary rehabilitation at a clinic in Cali, Colombia. Methods: This study followed a descriptive cross-sectional model with 150 patients diagnosed with COPD. Adherence was classified by taking into account the number of sessions completed: low (<35%), moderate (35–85%), and high (>85%). Sociodemographic, clinical, functional capacity, and health-related quality of life variables were considered. Results: Adherence to the PR was rated as high in 57.3% of patients. Variables such as sex, health system affiliation, height, functional capacity, resting SaO2, and health-related quality of life presented significant differences (p-value ≤ 0.05). The main causes of non-adherence to the program were medical recommendations that prevented continuing in the program due to clinical and safety issues and economic issues that prevented reaching the rehabilitation site, as it was unaffordable. Conclusions: It can be concluded that adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation was rated as high in 57.3% of patients. The high adherence to the PR program occurred in male patients with a capacity to pay the Colombian health system (contributory regime).
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Smoking Cessation Rates among Pregnant Women and Their Relapse Rates in the Postpartum Period in Samsun
J. Respir. 2023, 3(3), 118-129; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3030012 - 05 Jul 2023
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Objective: This research aimed to determine the smoking frequency and smoking-related gestational and postpartum health problems in our study population. We investigated the quit rate during pregnancy and relapse after giving birth. The study was conducted in two university family health centers. A
[...] Read more.
Objective: This research aimed to determine the smoking frequency and smoking-related gestational and postpartum health problems in our study population. We investigated the quit rate during pregnancy and relapse after giving birth. The study was conducted in two university family health centers. A total of 270 women aged 18–45 with children were included in the study. Following receipt of verbal consent, the cases’ demographic data, previous obstetric information, smoking status, and gestational weight gain (GWG) were collected through face-to-face interviews and electronic records. The participants’ mean age was 35.75 ± 6.9 years and 28.1% were current smokers. Forty-one participants (16%) smoked during pregnancy, while the secondhand smoking rate was 30%. Ex-smokers experienced greater GWG (17.5 ± 1.7 kg (p = 0.003)) than current smokers and non-smokers. Small gestational age (SGA) and health problems in the first year of life were more frequent in the babies of smoker mothers (p < 0.05). The relapse rate was 81.4%, and the mean relapse interval was 13.9 ± 1.85 months. Having a smoker spouse (0.42 Exp(B), p = 0.035) and high GWG (0.98 Exp(B), p = 0.01) were identified as independent risk factors for relapse. Our results indicate that many of the smoker women quit during pregnancy. Special interventions may increase the quitting rate in pregnancy and reduce the subsequent relapse rate.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Gas Exchange in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Relationships with Pulmonary Poorly Communicating Fraction and Alveolar Volume
by
, , , , and
J. Respir. 2023, 3(2), 107-117; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3020011 - 20 Jun 2023
Abstract
Tuberculosis-related lung damage is very different. Lung ventilation disorders have been studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) during the active process and after treatment, but the main causes of gas exchange changes have not been sufficiently studied. Investigation of diffusing lung capacity
[...] Read more.
Tuberculosis-related lung damage is very different. Lung ventilation disorders have been studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) during the active process and after treatment, but the main causes of gas exchange changes have not been sufficiently studied. Investigation of diffusing lung capacity in combination with bodyplethysmography is useful for the interpretation of pulmonary gas exchange disorders. The aim was to determine the relationship of gas exchange with the value of alveolar volume (VA) and pulmonary poorly communicating fraction (PCF) in patients with pulmonary TB. A total of 292 patients (117/175 M/W) with verified pulmonary TB with smoking age less than 10 packs-years underwent spirometry, bodyplethysmography, and DLCO by the single-breath method. PCF was estimated calculating the difference between total lung capacity (TLC) and VA (% TLC). Patients with low DLCO had statistically significantly lower spirometric values (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MMEF), lower TLC, higher airway resistance, RV/TLC, air-trapping volume, and PCF. The patients with low level of DLCO were divided into four groups depending on level VA and PCF. In most patients with infiltrative tuberculosis (50%), the leading syndrome of the DLCO decrease was alveolar-capillary damage. In patients with tuberculomas, the syndromes of alveolar capillary damage and pulmonary ventilation inhomogeneity were with the same frequency (43%). In patients with disseminated tuberculosis, the most frequent syndrome of the DLCO decrease was pulmonary ventilation inhomogeneity (33%), then alveolar-capillary damage (29%) and mixed (24%). In patients with cavernous tuberculosis, the leading syndrome of the DLCO decrease was mixed (39%), then alveolar capillary damage (25%) and pulmonary ventilation inhomogeneity (23%). The syndrome of gas exchange surface reduction in patients with disseminated and cavernous tuberculosis was less common (14%). In conclusion, an additional evaluation of the combination of PCF and VA increases the amount of clinical information obtained using the diffusion lung capacity measurements, since it allows identifying various syndromes of gas exchange impairment. The leading causes of diffusing capacity impairment vary by different types of pulmonary TB.
Full article
Open AccessCase Report
Case Report—Escherichia coli Pericarditis after Recent COVID-19 Pneumonia
J. Respir. 2023, 3(2), 101-106; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3020010 - 19 Jun 2023
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Before the widespread use of antibiotics, purulent pericarditis was not uncommon and was predominantly a complication of bacterial pneumonia. We present a rare case of Escherichia coli (E. coli) purulent pericarditis without a clear source after a recent COVID-19 infection. Background:
[...] Read more.
Before the widespread use of antibiotics, purulent pericarditis was not uncommon and was predominantly a complication of bacterial pneumonia. We present a rare case of Escherichia coli (E. coli) purulent pericarditis without a clear source after a recent COVID-19 infection. Background: COVID-19 has been affecting millions of people worldwide since the outbreak in December 2019, and its involvement in multiple organ systems has been observed and studied. Multiple cardiac complications have been reported, most significantly the virus’ ability to induce acute coronary syndrome and myocarditis. Pericardial disease has also been reported but less frequently. COVID-19 infection is associated with a higher risk of secondary bacterial infection, but it is rare to see purulent pericarditis in the setting of a recent COVID-19 infection. Objective: Our case report depicts a patient who developed E. coli purulent pericarditis in the setting of a recent COVID-19 infection. It indicates a possible association between COVID-19 infection with dysregulation of the immune system.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessFeature PaperReview
The Role of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Counteracting the Immunopathology of Acute and Chronic Lung Inflammatory Diseases
by
, , , , , , , and
J. Respir. 2023, 3(2), 86-100; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3020009 - 07 Jun 2023
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, is highly expressed throughout the body in multiple tissues and cell types. LIF is primarily known to induce the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, but recent studies show that LIF has many
[...] Read more.
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, is highly expressed throughout the body in multiple tissues and cell types. LIF is primarily known to induce the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, but recent studies show that LIF has many other functions, including playing multiple roles in cancer and normal physiology. LIF expression is linked to cellular proliferation, metastasis, inflammation, and chemoresistance. LIF expression and secretion are triggered by many means and its downstream signaling can vary based on tissue types. Recent publications suggest that LIF may play a role in pulmonary diseases and its regulation is altered through external factors, such as cigarette smoke, inflammation stimuli, or infections. This review outlines the current knowledge of the function of LIF protein, mediators of LIF expression, receptors it interacts with, downstream LIF signaling, and possible pulmonary outcomes mediated by LIF.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Developing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Its Complications
J. Respir. 2023, 3(2), 75-85; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3020008 - 05 Jun 2023
Abstract
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly report gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, and limited data suggest a relationship between OSA and GERD-related complications. To investigate this association, we performed a population-based analysis using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for 7,159,694 patients. After
[...] Read more.
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly report gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, and limited data suggest a relationship between OSA and GERD-related complications. To investigate this association, we performed a population-based analysis using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for 7,159,694 patients. After adjusting for risk factors, OSA patients had a significantly higher incidence of GERD (32.3%) compared to those without OSA (15.0%, p < 0.01). OSA patients also had a higher risk of developing GERD-related complications, including non-erosive esophagitis, erosive esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett’s esophagus with and without dysplasia. Therefore, our results emphasize the importance of early detection and management of GERD and its complications in patients with OSA, particularly those with additional risk factors such as obesity and smoking.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Journal of Respiration)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessSystematic Review
Bidirectional Association between Psoriasis and Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
J. Respir. 2023, 3(2), 60-74; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3020007 - 19 May 2023
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Background: Studies have shown an increased risk of asthma in patients with psoriasis and vice versa. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled association between these two chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted through March
[...] Read more.
Background: Studies have shown an increased risk of asthma in patients with psoriasis and vice versa. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled association between these two chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted through March 2023. Risk ratios (RRs) and prevalence were calculated. Results: A total of 11 studies comprising 110,978 patients with psoriasis and 1,898,071 controls were included in the first meta-analysis. The prevalence of asthma in patients with psoriasis was 9.2% (0.075, 0.110), and the pooled risk ratio (RR) was 1.43 (1.23,1.66). Subgroup analysis showed that older patients (≥50 years) have a higher pooled risk of asthma [RR 1.59 (1.41, 1.79)] than younger patients (20–49 years) [RR 1.23 (1.07,1.41)]. In addition, a significantly higher risk of asthma was seen in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis [RR 1.48 (1.17, 1.88)) when compared to their controls than those with mild psoriasis [RR 1.28 (1.14, 1.44)]. A total of 3 studies comprising 468,869 asthma patients and 11,063,349 control were included in the second meta-analysis. The prevalence of psoriasis in asthma patients was 1.3%, 0.004, 0.029), and the pooled risk ratio was 1.23 (1.02,1.47). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides clear evidence for the bidirectional association between asthma and psoriasis.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Dust Exposure and Respiratory Health among Selected Factories in Ethiopia: Existing Evidence, Current Gaps and Future Directions
J. Respir. 2023, 3(2), 49-59; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3020006 - 04 May 2023
Abstract
Workers who are working in dusty environments might be associated with respiratory health problems. In Ethiopia, factories processing wood, textile, coffee, flour, cement and other materials are associated with dust emission. Furthermore, despite the adoption of the International Labor Organization (ILO) convention, the
[...] Read more.
Workers who are working in dusty environments might be associated with respiratory health problems. In Ethiopia, factories processing wood, textile, coffee, flour, cement and other materials are associated with dust emission. Furthermore, despite the adoption of the International Labor Organization (ILO) convention, the available constitution and labor proclamation, there are a lot of gaps in terms of occupational health and safety measures in Ethiopia. The current review aims to examine the existing evidence, current challenges and future direction regarding dust exposure and respiratory health in selected Ethiopian factories. Searches of peer-reviewed articles with full-length papers were made in online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar with a key words “Dust exposure”, “Respiratory health”, “Respiratory symptom”, “Ethiopia” and “Factory workers” from January 2000 to March 2023. The review found that excessive dust exposure is associated with a high prevalence of respiratory health problems. Lack of personal protective equipment and absence of safety and health training were the main occupational health deficits identified in most factories. Actions that focus on these deficiencies are commendable. Interventions focused on safety and health trainings, and the provision of adequate personal protective equipment of the required quality is recommended. In addition, administrative solutions and longitudinal studies on dust exposure and respiratory health are suggested.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death Was More Likely in Patients with Lower LDL Cholesterol Levels during COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Retrospective Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
by
, , , , , , , , , , , , and
J. Respir. 2023, 3(2), 39-48; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3020005 - 02 Apr 2023
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Hyperlipidemia has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, lower LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels have been associated with increased COVID-19 severity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to New
[...] Read more.
Hyperlipidemia has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, lower LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels have been associated with increased COVID-19 severity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to New York City Health and Hospitals from 1 March 2020 to 31 October 2020, comparing pre-COVID-19 LDL-C levels or LDL-C levels obtained during COVID-19 hospitalization, with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and death. Propensity score matching was performed using logistic regression models, and standardized mean differences were calculated. A total of 3020 patients (median age 61 years; 36% women) were included. In the matched cohort, on multivariate logistic regression analysis, LDL was inversely associated with in-hospital death (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.986–0.999, p = 0.036). As a categorical variable, LDL > 70 mg/dL was associated with 47% lower likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29–0.95, p = 0.034). No significant association between pre-COVID-19 LDL and death or invasive mechanical ventilation was found (OR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.01, p = 0.833). Low LDL-C level measured during COVID-19 was associated with a higher likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death. A similar association was not found between pre-COVID-19 LDL-C and these outcomes. LDL-C levels obtained during COVID-19 are likely not reflective of the baseline lipid profile.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Barriers to Effective Communication between Patients, Relatives, and Health Care Professionals in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic at Public Hospitals in Limpopo Province
by
, , , , , , , , , , , , and
J. Respir. 2023, 3(1), 29-38; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3010004 - 01 Mar 2023
Abstract
Background: Effective communication between health care professionals, admitted patients, and their families is crucial to improving the health care outcomes and patient satisfaction. Hence, barriers to effective communication cause a lot of confusion, frustration, and misunderstanding. The study aimed to identify the perceived
[...] Read more.
Background: Effective communication between health care professionals, admitted patients, and their families is crucial to improving the health care outcomes and patient satisfaction. Hence, barriers to effective communication cause a lot of confusion, frustration, and misunderstanding. The study aimed to identify the perceived barriers to effective communication between patients, their families, and health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in public hospitals in Limpopo Province. The study was conducted in rural areas of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province. Methodology: A qualitative exploratory descriptive method was adopted to explore and describe the barriers of effective communication among patients, relatives, and health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in public hospitals in the Vhembe District. Eleven (11) participants were purposively selected. Unstructured in-depth individual interviews were used to collect data and analyzed using thematic analysis following Tesch’s eight steps. Results: The study findings revealed that there was ineffective communication by health care professionals. This was discussed under three themes that emerged: poor communication of diagnosis and prognosis and treatment outcomes; lack of accurate knowledge regarding the virus morphology, variant, and treatment protocols; and the inconsistencies in the dissemination of COVID-19 protocols. Conclusions: Full communication benefits both patients, relatives, and health care professionals as knowledge and understanding are enhanced through communication. Therefore, health care professionals should provide the patients and their relatives with full information about the disease and the visitation protocols to be followed. The study contribution was to explore barriers to effective communication to the patients and relatives by the health care professionals.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Journal of Respiration)
Open AccessFeature PaperReview
Current Knowledge and Challenges of Particle Size Measurements of Mainstream E-Cigarette Aerosols and Their Implication on Respiratory Dosimetry
J. Respir. 2023, 3(1), 7-28; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3010003 - 24 Feb 2023
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The E-cigarette has been promoted as an alternative nicotine delivery device with potentially fewer toxicant emissions. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the particle size distribution (PSD) of e-cigarette emissions and to analyze the knowledge gaps between
[...] Read more.
The E-cigarette has been promoted as an alternative nicotine delivery device with potentially fewer toxicant emissions. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the particle size distribution (PSD) of e-cigarette emissions and to analyze the knowledge gaps between existing particle size measurements and the vision toward harm reduction from e-cigarette use. Here, we focus on firstly describing the physical parameters used to characterize PSD, followed by comparing particle size measurement approaches, investigating the factors that impact the PSD of e-cigarette mainstream aerosols, and conclude by linking size distribution to the respiratory dosimetry by demonstrating the modeling results of particle deposition in the respiratory tract. This review calls for a harmonized testing protocol to conduct inter-comparisons and further understand e-cigarette particle sizes. Among the influencing factors investigated, puff topography, operation power, flavorings, PG/VG ratio, and nicotine strength impose a substantial impact on the PSD, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully investigated. The effects brought by the type of device refill and nicotine are yet inconclusive due to lack of evidence. Coil aging has no significant impact on the PSD of e-cigarette aerosols within the coil lifetime. Lastly, while computational models of particle deposition have been adopted to profile the deposition of e-cigarette mainstream emissions, existing models have limited applicability and generality when dealing with e-cigarette aerosols that have high volatility and hygroscopicity, which can dynamically evaporate or grow during the transport process. Additionally, the size-dependent chemical composition (e.g., nicotine and harmful and potentially harmful constituents) of e-cigarette aerosols is unknown, impeding the understanding of the health effects of e-cigarette use. Therefore, it is essential for future studies to bridge these knowledge gaps and unveil the mechanisms determining PSD and respiratory deposition.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessEditorial
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Journal of Respiration in 2022
J. Respir. 2023, 3(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3010002 - 18 Jan 2023
Abstract
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
Full article
Open AccessCase Report
An Interesting Case of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Resulting in Type II Respiratory Failure
J. Respir. 2023, 3(1), 1-5; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor3010001 - 26 Dec 2022
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Aspergillus fumigatus can cause an immunological hypersensitivity reaction known as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), which often worsens asthma and cystic fibrosis patients’ conditions. In India, where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, a significant proportion of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) patients are misdiagnosed as pulmonary
[...] Read more.
Aspergillus fumigatus can cause an immunological hypersensitivity reaction known as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), which often worsens asthma and cystic fibrosis patients’ conditions. In India, where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, a significant proportion of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) patients are misdiagnosed as pulmonary TB before reaching a diagnosis of ABPA due to long-lasting symptoms. We discuss an uncommon presentation of ABPA with type II respiratory failure in a 48-year-old asthmatic female. Given this, one can speculate on the importance of ABPA presenting with respiratory failure since these cases are rare and diagnosed quite late, which can also prove fatal.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Pulmonary Oxygen Exchange in a Rhythmically Expanding–Contracting Alveolus–Capillary Model
by
and
J. Respir. 2022, 2(4), 159-173; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor2040015 - 08 Nov 2022
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Pulmonary gas exchanges are vital to human health, and disruptions to this process have been associated with many respiratory diseases. Previous gas exchange studies have predominately relied on whole-body testing and theoretical analysis with 1D or static models. However, pulmonary gas exchanges are
[...] Read more.
Pulmonary gas exchanges are vital to human health, and disruptions to this process have been associated with many respiratory diseases. Previous gas exchange studies have predominately relied on whole-body testing and theoretical analysis with 1D or static models. However, pulmonary gas exchanges are inherently a dynamic process in 3D spaces with instantaneous interactions between air, blood, and tissue. This study aimed to develop a computational model for oxygen exchange that considered all factors mentioned above. Therefore, an integrated alveolus–membrane–capillary geometry was developed with prescribed rhythmic expansion/contraction. Airflow ventilation, blood perfusion, and oxygen diffusion were simulated using COMSOL. The temporal and spatial distribution of blood flow and oxygen within the capillaries were simulated under varying breathing depths and cardiac outputs. The results showed highly nonuniform blood flow distributions in the capillary network, while the rhythmic oscillation further increased this nonuniformity, leading to stagnant blood flow in the distal vessels. A static alveolus–capillary geometry underestimated perfusion by 11% for normal respirations, and the deviation grew with breathing depth. The rhythmic motion caused a phase lag in the blood flow. The blood PO2 reached equilibrium with the alveolar air after traveling 1/5–1/3 of the capillary network. The time to reach this equilibrium was significantly influenced by the air–blood barrier diffusivity, while it was only slightly affected by the perfusion rate. The computational platform in this study could be instrumental in obtaining refined knowledge of pulmonary O2 exchanges.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessEditorial
The Journal of Respiration—A Look to the Future
by
J. Respir. 2022, 2(4), 157-158; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor2040014 - 31 Oct 2022
Abstract
The launching of a new journal is always complicated for many factors, mainly when the journal has special focus [...]
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Risk Factors for Hypertension in Hospitalised Patient Mortality with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2: A Population-Based Study in Limpopo Province, South Africa
by
, , , and
J. Respir. 2022, 2(3), 147-156; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor2030013 - 05 Sep 2022
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has recently impacted and destabilised the global community. The healthcare systems of many countries have been reported to be partially or entirely interrupted. More than half of the countries surveyed (53%) have partially or completely disrupted hypertension treatment
[...] Read more.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has recently impacted and destabilised the global community. The healthcare systems of many countries have been reported to be partially or entirely interrupted. More than half of the countries surveyed (53%) have partially or completely disrupted hypertension treatment services. A population-based retrospective cohort study approach was used to determine the prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 hospitalised patients in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Hierarchical logistic regression was applied to determine the determinants of hypertension. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of mortality among individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were elderly persons aged 60 years and above admitted to a person under investigation (PUI) ward (52%), and 66% had hypertension. Among the hospitalised COVID-19 patients who died, prominent risk factors for hypertension were advanced age, the presence of co-morbidities, such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS. There was no evidence to establish a link between hypertension and COVID-19 case severity. More cohort and systematic studies are needed to determine whether there is a link between hypertension and COVID-19 case severity.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention on Inhaler Technique Proficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Single-Center Quality Improvement Study
J. Respir. 2022, 2(3), 139-146; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor2030012 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 1
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
Albeit inhalation therapy is the cornerstone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment, inhaler technique is rarely evaluated, and training materials are often insufficient. In this single-center study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching session complemented by a flyer on
[...] Read more.
Albeit inhalation therapy is the cornerstone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment, inhaler technique is rarely evaluated, and training materials are often insufficient. In this single-center study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching session complemented by a flyer on inhaler technique in COPD patients and to evaluate the perceived quality of the flyer. A total of 30 participants with stable COPD who had never used a soft mist inhaler before (Respimat®, Boehringer Ingelheim) received a brief teaching session on proper inhaler technique complemented by a flyer (visit 1). The teaching intervention was completed by a pulmonologist. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COPD were collected by a questionnaire, and the ability to properly handle the inhaler was assessed. After 14 days, inhaler handling was re-evaluated, and patients were asked to rate the flyer (visit 2). After the initial training, proper inhaler handling was achieved in 80.0% of patients. Inhaler proficiency was maintained after 14 days (83.0% of the patients used the Respimat® correctly, p-value > 0.99). The flyer was considered at least good by 27 patients (90.0%). This study indicated that the administration of an educational intervention resulted in persistent good competence in inhaler technique at a 14-day follow-up.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessProtocol
Health and Lifestyle of Patients with Mesothelioma: Protocol for the Help-Meso Study
by
, , , , and
J. Respir. 2022, 2(3), 129-138; https://doi.org/10.3390/jor2030011 - 18 Aug 2022
Abstract
Patients with mesothelioma (PwM) have a poor prognosis and are at risk of adverse health outcomes and poor health-related quality of life. Sarcopenia and malnutrition are important prognostic factors for cancer patients and can be partially reversed with adequate nutrition and physical activity/exercise.
[...] Read more.
Patients with mesothelioma (PwM) have a poor prognosis and are at risk of adverse health outcomes and poor health-related quality of life. Sarcopenia and malnutrition are important prognostic factors for cancer patients and can be partially reversed with adequate nutrition and physical activity/exercise. There is a limited evidence base about the nutritional status of PwM, the understanding of which might potentially influence interventions in PwM. The primary aim of the Help-Meso (Health and Lifestyle of PwM) study is to describe the nutrition, appetite, physical activity and attitude towards lifestyle interventions of PwM. Patients, informal carers and health professionals will be invited to participate in semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis will be performed. The secondary aim of Help-Meso is to assess the feasibility of nutritional screening of PwM via a validated quantitative tool (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool). The findings from this study will provide an understanding of the health and lifestyle of PwM and the corresponding attitudes of their informal carers and healthcare providers. This information will inform the design of future targeted interventions to improve the nutrition, quality of life of PwM and outcomes. The study has Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Research Authority approvals obtained from Wales REC7 (Integrated Research Application System (IRAS) project ID 287193).
Full article
Highly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
JoR
Interventional Pulmonology: An Exciting New Subspecialty within Pulmonary Medicine
Guest Editor: Bruce Fernando SabathDeadline: 1 October 2023
Special Issue in
JoR
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Guest Editor: Arun SamiduraiDeadline: 30 January 2024
Special Issue in
JoR
Histiocytic Disorders of the Lung: Updates in Diagnosis, Molecular Alterations, and Novel Therapeutics Options
Guest Editor: Sergio Piña-OviedoDeadline: 1 March 2024
Special Issue in
JoR
Mediastinal Lesions: Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutic Approaches
Guest Editor: Cesar A. MoranDeadline: 1 September 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
JoR
Feature Papers in Journal of Respiration
Collection Editor: Cesar A. Moran