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Open AccessProceeding Paper

XRD Studies of the Morphological Changes Generated by Interface Agents for Obtaining New Scalable Sustainable Blends Based on Starch and PCL

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Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013004 - 31 Aug 2023

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Abstract

The starch–PCL blends are important from a practical point of view. Due to the hydrophobic nature of PCL, its blends with starch are immiscible. Therefore, these blends must be compatibilized to control the interface’s properties and the thermodynamic stability over time. A physical [...] Read more.

The starch–PCL blends are important from a practical point of view. Due to the hydrophobic nature of PCL, its blends with starch are immiscible. Therefore, these blends must be compatibilized to control the interface’s properties and the thermodynamic stability over time. A physical compatibilization solution, easier to scale up in industrial conditions, was attempted. The results showed better compatibility between the two tested polymers because of the grafted olefin polymer that eliminates the net difference between the in-contact phases, by creating an interface area, strengthening the multicomponent system and reducing the morphological defects as voids. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of the Tensioactive Properties of Sodium Lignosulphonate Obtained from Spent Sulfite Liquor

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Maria Antonia Tănase

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Bogdan Trică

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Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei

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Florin Oancea

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013003 - 29 Aug 2023

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Abstract

Sodium lignosulphonate (NaLS) from spent sulfite liquor was purified by ultrafiltration, and the structure was confirmed by FTIR analysis. NaLS decreases water surface tension from 72.44 mN/m to 65.36 mN/m when its concentration increases from 0% to 1%. The critical aggregation concentration was [...] Read more.

Sodium lignosulphonate (NaLS) from spent sulfite liquor was purified by ultrafiltration, and the structure was confirmed by FTIR analysis. NaLS decreases water surface tension from 72.44 mN/m to 65.36 mN/m when its concentration increases from 0% to 1%. The critical aggregation concentration was determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, and a value of 0.035% was obtained. NaLS (0.1%) was used as a cosurfactant in an oil-in-water emulsion prepared by a phase inversion method to encapsulate thyme essential oil. The formulation was stable for 24 h, with a droplet size of 154 nm and a polydispersity index value of 0.12. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Impregnated Sheep Wool Fibers with an Antimicrobial Effect

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Simona-Bianca Ghimiș

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Andreea-Luiza Mîrț

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Alexandru Vlaicu

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Emilian Zaharia

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Mariana Mihaela Bomboş

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Gabriel Vasilievici

Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013001 - 29 Aug 2023

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Abstract

This study proposed an approach for the enhancement of coarse wool from a Romanian sheep breed—Țurcana—for its utilization as a sustainable and efficient thermal insulation material. The process involved washing with a non-polar solvent, to eliminate lanoline and impurities from the [...] Read more.

This study proposed an approach for the enhancement of coarse wool from a Romanian sheep breed—Țurcana—for its utilization as a sustainable and efficient thermal insulation material. The process involved washing with a non-polar solvent, to eliminate lanoline and impurities from the raw sheep wool, followed by an impregnation with a binder, dolomite, and copper nanoparticles. The structural and elemental changes were analyzed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The antimicrobial effects of copper nanoparticles were analyzed on two bacterial strains. The proposed enhancement process creates a barrier against harmful biodeterioration activities by bacteria. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Portable Electrochemical System for the Monitoring of Biogenic Amines in Soil as Indicators in Assessment of the Stress in Plant

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Lucian-Gabriel Zamfir

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Chem. Proc. 2023, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2023013002 - 29 Aug 2023

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Abstract

Highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors for biogenic amine (BA) detection were developed using commercial screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with a nanomaterial based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and redox mediator, Prussian Blue (PB) and amine oxidase enzymes. The nanocomposite material enables an enhancement of [...] Read more.

Highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors for biogenic amine (BA) detection were developed using commercial screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with a nanomaterial based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and redox mediator, Prussian Blue (PB) and amine oxidase enzymes. The nanocomposite material enables an enhancement of the analytical performances for hydrogen peroxide detection, which represents the byproduct of the enzymatic oxidation of the BAs. The developed biosensors were integrated with a miniaturized potentiostate and a wireless data transfer interface in a portable system. The system was used for the detection of polyamines in soil solutions collected with a low-volume suction lysimeter. Full article

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Its Derivatives Using KI and/or Ultrasonication

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Mahsa Rajabi

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Mohammad Dohendou

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Mohammad G. Dekamin

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13644 - 26 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1119

Abstract

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is mainly obtained from the shell of marine crustaceans including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc. Chitosan has been widely used in biomedicine due to its special characteristics of low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and low immunogenicity. However, owing to [...] Read more.

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is mainly obtained from the shell of marine crustaceans including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc. Chitosan has been widely used in biomedicine due to its special characteristics of low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and low immunogenicity. However, owing to the limited solubility of CS in water, its water-soluble derivatives are preferred for the mentioned applications. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is one of the water-soluble derivatives of chitosan, which has antibacterial, anticancer, antitumor, antifungal, antioxidant properties, and is used in both drug delivery and enzyme delivery. This material is also utilized in tissue engineering, wound healing, and bioimaging. For these reasons, in this article, a different and novel method by using KI and/or ultrasonication is proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Pb(II) Adsorption by a Calcium Metal-Organic Framework

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Mina Aghaee

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Faranak Manteghi

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13723 - 21 Nov 2022

Viewed by 833

Abstract

Among the water pollution sources, heavy metals are considered the most hazardous because of their high toxicity to human health and their ability to badly damage the kidneys, brain, and nerves, as well as cause birth defects. Based on the promising features of [...] Read more.

Among the water pollution sources, heavy metals are considered the most hazardous because of their high toxicity to human health and their ability to badly damage the kidneys, brain, and nerves, as well as cause birth defects. Based on the promising features of metal-organic frameworks ( MOFs), they could act as a favorable candidate in heavy metal removal applications. A calcium-based metal-organic framework was synthesized by the deposition method using benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate as a linker. After characterization of the MOF was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses, it was applied to efficient adsorption of Pb(II) pollutant ions. The potential of obtained MOF, [Ca(H₂btec)·H₂O]_n, H₂btec: benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid was investigated by adsorbing Pb(II) ions in an aqueous solution, separating the adsorbent using centrifugation, and finally measuring the residual Pb(II) ions using the ICP-AES method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Antimicrobial Activity of Ba-MOF

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Mina Aghaee

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Mahnaz Abbaszadeh Alishahi

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Faranak Manteghi

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13725 - 21 Nov 2022

Viewed by 916

Abstract

The increasing tolerance and resistance of pathogens to conventional antibiotics is a global health issue, and there is a need to use effective and new substances. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly functional materials with antimicrobial properties that come from their composition, structure, and [...] Read more.

The increasing tolerance and resistance of pathogens to conventional antibiotics is a global health issue, and there is a need to use effective and new substances. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly functional materials with antimicrobial properties that come from their composition, structure, and high internal volume, which could be a source for antimicrobial guest molecules integrated into the pores. In addition, MOFs can contain more than one type of metal ion in the same structure. In this work, a metal–organic framework, [Ba(H₂btec)·H₂O]_n, was synthesized by the deposition method using benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (H4btec) and Ba(NO₃)₂. Characterization of the MOF was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) alyses. The metal–organic framework was used against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Keleb peneumonia, Staph coccus aureus, Staph sapropphyticus, and Esherichia coli. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Medicinal Traits of the Phenolic Compound from Foeniculum vulgare for Oligomenorrhea

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Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13724 - 21 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1031

Abstract

A phenolic compound in Foeniculum vulgare can improve human health. Foeniculum vulgar contains flavonoids, glycosides, and other constituents that are used for medicinal ailments. Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole essential oils are the main ingredients in F. vulgare seeds. The principle component of fennel [...] Read more.

A phenolic compound in Foeniculum vulgare can improve human health. Foeniculum vulgar contains flavonoids, glycosides, and other constituents that are used for medicinal ailments. Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole essential oils are the main ingredients in F. vulgare seeds. The principle component of fennel oil, anethole, has structural similarity with the synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol, making it an active estrogenic agent. Women with PCOS may exhibit obesity, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, infertility, or androgenic features, which are characterized by the absence of ovulation and hyperandrogenism. Oligomenorrhea is a kind of irregular menstruation period. Treatment of oligomenorrhea depends on the causes; the main cause of oligomenorrhea is the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), with 75–85%experiencing infrequent periods. This mini-review focuses on F. vulgare seeds as an advantageous addition to treat PCOS. Women with PCOS also have a lower level of the hormone progesterone due to the absence or reduction in ovulation. Numerous phytoestrogens can be found in F.vulgare seeds; with less insulin resistance and lower blood sugar level, fennel phytoestrogen content is beneficial. It is also thought to aid in reducing the cellularim balance that causes PCOS’s metabolic abnormalities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nanoencapsulation of 3-Chloropropylaminobenzoate Derivatives with Potential Insecticidal Activity

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Ricardo G. G. Coelho

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Renato B. Pereira

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Ana Rita O. Rodrigues

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David M. Pereira

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Elisabete M. S. Castanheira

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A. Gil Fortes

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Maria José G. Fernandes

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M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13719 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 564

Abstract

Aminobenzoic acid derivatives have shown various pharmacological properties, one of which is pesticide activity, giving these compounds the ability to work as alternatives to current pesticides. Nanotechnology could efficiently support the use of these compounds by encapsulating them in stable nanoformulations to improve [...] Read more.

Aminobenzoic acid derivatives have shown various pharmacological properties, one of which is pesticide activity, giving these compounds the ability to work as alternatives to current pesticides. Nanotechnology could efficiently support the use of these compounds by encapsulating them in stable nanoformulations to improve their stability and effectiveness. In the present work, 3-chloropropylaminobenzoate derivatives were synthesised and evaluated against their effect on the viability of the insect cell line Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda), and nanoencapsulation studies of the most active compound were carried out. The most potent molecules reduced insect cell viability by around 40% at 100 µg/mL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multiple Pathways in Cp₂TiCl₂—Catalyzed Reaction of Tetraalkyl-Substituted Pyrazines with EtAlCl₂ and Mg

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Mariya G. Shaibakova

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Nikita A. Rikhter

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Leisan K. Dilmukhametova

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Ilfir R. Ramazanov

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13709 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 704

Abstract

There exist a number of classical methods for the synthesis of substituted pyrazines. Among this variety of reactions, the synthesis of substituted pyrazines from nitriles does not stand out in either the number of known examples or in product yield. However, the one-stage [...] Read more.

There exist a number of classical methods for the synthesis of substituted pyrazines. Among this variety of reactions, the synthesis of substituted pyrazines from nitriles does not stand out in either the number of known examples or in product yield. However, the one-stage character of the transformation, together with the uncertainty of its mechanism, aroused our interest in this catalytic reaction. Here, we report the successful implementation of the Cp₂TiCl₂-catalyzed reaction of aliphatic nitriles with EtAlCl₂ and Mg, which led to the selective preparation of 2,3,5,6-tetraalkyl-substituted pyrazines, 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazole or 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-carbonitrile depending on reaction conditions and substituents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Theoretical Studies and Computer Modeling of Supramolecular Chemical Systems: Structure, Properties and Reactivity

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Alexander S. Novikov

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13717 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 597

Abstract

The results of my research in the fields of theoretical studies and computer modeling of supramolecular chemical systems were presented. The main attention was focused on theoretical studies in the following topics: cycloaddition and nucleophilic addition reactions involving substrates with multiple CC and [...] Read more.

The results of my research in the fields of theoretical studies and computer modeling of supramolecular chemical systems were presented. The main attention was focused on theoretical studies in the following topics: cycloaddition and nucleophilic addition reactions involving substrates with multiple CC and CN bonds, their mechanisms, driving forces, kinetics and thermodynamics; the consideration of the catalysis of hydrocarbons oxidation processes and their conversion to alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids; investigations of various unusual types of non-covalent interactions (from quite trivial hydrogen bonds to more exotic σ-hole, π-hole and metallophilic interactions) in organic, organometallic and coordination compounds. Some fundamental issues of supramolecular chemical systems were also discussed (e.g., structure and properties of chemical compounds and their supramolecular associates; conformational transitions and rotation barriers of functional groups; nature of chemical bonds; orbital and charge factors; photophysical properties). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Silico Modeling of the Interaction of NBD Steroids with Insect Steroid-Binding Protein SPC-2

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Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13712 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 745

Abstract

Two fluorescent sterol-like molecules have been synthesized, namely, a derivative of 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) with 17-(methylamino)-androst-5-en-3beta-ol (DAM-NBD) and NBD-piperazine conjugate with cholesteryl chloroformate (NBD-pip-CCF). In silico docking and plasma membrane simulations have shown ability of the compounds to penetrate the lipid bilayer, as well [...] Read more.

Two fluorescent sterol-like molecules have been synthesized, namely, a derivative of 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) with 17-(methylamino)-androst-5-en-3beta-ol (DAM-NBD) and NBD-piperazine conjugate with cholesteryl chloroformate (NBD-pip-CCF). In silico docking and plasma membrane simulations have shown ability of the compounds to penetrate the lipid bilayer, as well as to bind affinely of the yellow fever mosquito SCP-2 protein structure (code PDB: 3BDQ; binding energy about −11.9 kcal/mol). Also docking with AlphaFOLD-predicted insect Neverland protein structure demonstrated DAM-NBD binding with a similar affinity. The theoretical results indicate perspectives of the fluorescent steroid usage to study insect protein-sterol interactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Use of Phenyl Formate as a CO Surrogate for the Reductive Cyclization of Organic Nitro Compounds to Yield Different N-Heterocycles: Avoiding the Use of Autoclaves and Pressurized Gases

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Fabio Ragaini

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Francesco Ferretti

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Manar Ahmed Fouad

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13711 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 688

Abstract

The reductive cyclization of different organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide, catalyzed by transition metal complexes, is a very efficient and clean strategy for the synthesis of many N-heterocycles. However, it requires the use of autoclaves and pressurized CO lines. In this [...] Read more.

The reductive cyclization of different organic nitro compounds by carbon monoxide, catalyzed by transition metal complexes, is a very efficient and clean strategy for the synthesis of many N-heterocycles. However, it requires the use of autoclaves and pressurized CO lines. In this paper, the authors will present the results obtained in their laboratories on the use of phenyl formate as a convenient CO surrogate, able to liberate carbon monoxide under reaction conditions and allowing for the use of a cheap glass pressure tube as a reaction vessel. In most cases, yields were better than those previously reported using pressurized CO, proving that the use of CO surrogates can be a viable alternative to the gaseous reagent. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Current Trends in the Synthesis of Practically Important Five-Membered Boracarbocycles by Transmetalation of Aluminacarbocycles with Boron Halides

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Liliya I. Tulyabaeva

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Usein M. Dzhemilev

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Tatyana V. Tyumkina

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13698 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 904

Abstract

The data obtained by the authors in the field of chemistry of substituted borolanes and 2,3-dihydro-1H-boroles are summarized. The authors developed a selective method for the synthesis of five-membered boracarbocycles via transmetalation of aluminacarbocycles, obtained by the catalytic cycloalumination of unsaturated [...] Read more.

The data obtained by the authors in the field of chemistry of substituted borolanes and 2,3-dihydro-1H-boroles are summarized. The authors developed a selective method for the synthesis of five-membered boracarbocycles via transmetalation of aluminacarbocycles, obtained by the catalytic cycloalumination of unsaturated compounds (terminal olefins or acetylenes) with AlEt₃ in the presence of Cp₂ZrCl₂ as a catalyst by boron halides (BF₃·Et₂O, BCl₃, and BBr₃). Some examples of the use of this approach to modify steroid compounds (in particular, to introduce a borolan fragment into them) are described in this review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cp₂TiCl₂—Catalyzed Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols by the Reaction of AlCl₃ with Ketones and Aryl Olefins

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Liaisan K. Dilmukhametova

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Mariya G. Shaibakova

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Ilfir R. Ramazanov

Chem. Proc. 2022, 12(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-26-13706 - 18 Nov 2022

Viewed by 806

Abstract

We have previously obtained significant results in the cycloalumination of olefins with EtAlCl₂ in the presence of magnesium and a Cp₂ZrCl₂ or Cp₂TiCl₂ catalyst. Here we report the development of an efficient one-pot catalytic method for [...] Read more.

We have previously obtained significant results in the cycloalumination of olefins with EtAlCl₂ in the presence of magnesium and a Cp₂ZrCl₂ or Cp₂TiCl₂ catalyst. Here we report the development of an efficient one-pot catalytic method for the synthesis of tertiary alcohols from AlCl₃, aryl olefins, and ketones under the action of Cp₂TiCl₂. The developed method for producing tertiary alcohols has a general character and allows the conversion of styrene and substituted styrenes (ortho-, para-methylstyrenes) into aryl-substituted tertiary alcohols with yields of up to 76% in the reaction with acetone or methyl ethyl ketone. We assume that the reaction proceeds through the formation of a titanacyclopropane intermediate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 26th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

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